Recent Technical Advancements of Endoscopic Spine Surgery with Disparate or Disruptive Technologies and Patents.

There have been numerous technical advancements in the field of endoscopic spine surgery since it began in the 1980s and its use further expanded in the 1990s. At present, there are many newer technical advancements in this field, each trying to expand the indications and afford more accurate execution of this procedure. We predict some technologies which can be classified as being disruptive and have the potential of being game changers in this exciting field in the near future.

mHealth Apps: Disruptive Innovation, Regulation, and Trust-A Need for Balance.

mHealth, the use of mobile and wireless technologies in healthcare, and mHealth apps, a subgroup of mHealth, are expected to result in more person-focussed healthcare. These technologies are predicted to make patients more motivated in their own healthcare, reducing the need for intensive medical intervention. Thus, mHealth app technology might lead to a redesign of existing healthcare architecture making the system more efficient, sustainable, and less expensive. As a disruptive innovation, it might destabilise the existing healthcare organisation through a changed role for healthcare professionals with patients accessing care remotely or online. This account coincides with the broader narrative of National Health Service policy-makers, which focusses on personalised healthcare and greater patient responsibility with the potential for significant cost reductions. The article proposes that while the concept of mHealth apps as a disruptive technology and the narrative of personalisation and responsibilisation might support a transformation of the healthcare system and a reduction of costs, both are dependent on patient trust in the safety and security of the new technology. Forcing trust in this field may only be achieved with the application of traditional and other regulatory mechanisms and with this comes the risk of reducing the effect of the technology's disruptive potential.

Las tecnologías disruptivas y su aplicación en la medicina con vistas al 2030 / Disruptive technologies and their application in medicine: a vision to 2030

Introducción: La aplicación de las tecnologías disruptivas en el contexto de la salud pública permite mejorar la calidad de sus servicios y la calidad de vida de las personas. Objetivo: Analizar el desarrollo de las tecnologías disruptivas que han incidido hasta hoy en la práctica médica y cómo este desarrollo se prevé que transformará la forma en que se ejerce la medicina en la actualidad y hacia el 2030. Métodos: Investigación documental con enfoque cualitativo, basada en la búsqueda y selección de información para conocer el estado del arte sobre el tema. Se realizaron análisis de casos y ejemplos exitosos en el uso de las tecnologías que aparecen en la literatura. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron los vocablos tecnologías disruptivas, salud pública, medicina preventiva, participativa, predictiva y personalizada. Se aplicaron entrevistas y grupos focales para delimitar los temas fundamentales y para identificar barreras y buenas prácticas. Conclusiones: Las tecnologías disruptivas deben ser empleadas en todas las áreas del conocimiento humano, con énfasis en la medicina, permitiendo evaluar de forma permanente sus beneficios y sus riesgos. Estas tecnologías están directamente relacionadas con el alcance de la medicina de las 4P y su aplicación en los sistemas de salud, y para que su gestión sea efectiva será necesario romper barreras que faciliten su proceso(AU)

Introduction: The application of disruptive technologies in the context of public health allows you to improve the quality of their services and people's life quality. Objective: To analyse the development of disruptive technologies that have influenced until nowadays the medical practice and how this development it is anticipated that will transform the way that medicine is practiced today and toward 2030. Methods: Documentary research with qualitative approach, based on the search and selection of information to know the state of the art on the subject. Analysis of cases and examples of successful experiences in the use of the technologies that appear in the literature were made. For the search were used the words disruptive technologies, public health, preventive medicine, participatory, predictive and personalized. Interviews and focus groups were applied to identify the key issues and to identify barriers and good practices. Conclusions: Disruptive technologies should be used in all areas of human knowledge, with an emphasis on medicine, allowing to assess on a permanent basis their benefits and risks. These technologies are directly related to the scope of the medicine of the 4P and its application in health systems, and for its management to be effective it will be necessary to break down barriers to facilitate their process(AU)